Marine fisheries

Marine fishery refers to the production undertakings engaged in marine fishing and mariculture. Marine fishing is a gathering industry. Marine aquaculture is divided into three categories: fish and shrimp farming, shellfish farming and algae farming. Marine fisheries can be divided into offshore, offshore, and pelagic fisheries due to their different distances from the coast. my country has a long coastline, a large continental shelf, warm and cold currents along the coast, dotted islands along the coast, many harbors, and vast tidal flats. These are all favorable conditions for the development of marine fisheries. Actively developing marine fisheries can provide the people with a large amount of animal protein and provide important commodities for foreign trade, which will help ease the contradiction between my country's large population and small land, and is of great significance to the development of the national economy.

Industry development

Marine fishery refers to a type of production activity in which aquatic products are obtained by fishing, collecting and cultivating aquatic animals and plants in the ocean. According to the characteristics of production, marine fishery can be further divided into marine fishing and mariculture. In a broad sense, marine fishery also includes the upstream and downstream industries of marine fishing and mariculture, such as fishing boats, fishing gear manufacturing, and seafood processing, storage, transportation, and sales. In recent years, recreational fishery has developed rapidly and has become an important part of the marine fishery economy.

Marine fishery is one of the important contents of the marine industry, including marine aquaculture, marine fishing and other activities.

Development status

The sustainable development of fishery economy is an extension or embodiment of the concept of sustainable economic development in the field of fishery. Therefore, the sustainable development of fishery economy should be based on the coordination of fishery economic growth with the ecological environment and social environment to form a comprehensive development pattern of ecological environment health, social stability, and fishery economic growth, so as to improve the welfare of fishermen and improve their lives. For the purpose of quality, it is an important part of the sustainable development of agriculture and even the national economy.

China is the largest fishery producer in the world. Since the reform and opening up, fishery output has increased rapidly. my country’s fishery development has achieved unquestionable development, but at the same time a series of problems, contradictions and difficulties have arisen. Among them, the more prominent contradiction is the continuous depletion of fishery resources and increasing fishing. The contradiction between intensities. That is, the sustainable development of fishery economy. It is prominently manifested in the decline of fishery resources, the deterioration of the fishery environment, and the unsafe aquatic products.

In general, the main problems facing the economic development of domestic marine fisheries are as follows:

(1) Overexploitation of marine fishery resources. In recent years, the main growth point of the marine fishing industry is low-value fish, and the main economic fish cannot form a fish signal, which has seriously affected the number of days and income of fishermen to go to sea. There are 20,278 species of aquatic organisms recorded in the seas of my country. Not only are there many biological species shared by the world’s oceans, but there are also many unique species. However, due to excessive development and utilization, destruction of the habitat, indiscriminate harvesting, and the introduction of exotic species, the population of my country’s existing marine rare species is declining and is facing a serious threat of disappearance and extinction. Species with a large number and widespread distribution have gradually become new rare species. The over-exploitation of marine biological resources has reduced the proliferation and recovery of fishery resources. The types of catches in important fishing areas are becoming increasingly single, and the catches are gradually evolving in the direction of younger age, miniaturization, and lower quality. Most traditional high-quality fish Species resources have dropped drastically, making it difficult to form fish floods. Before the 1960s, my country's traditional high-quality fishery resources, such as hairtail, large yellow croaker, small yellow croaker, Spanish mackerel, red sea bream, silver pomfret, plaice, prawns, squid, etc., formed large fishing floods due to large numbers of colonies migrating. At present, due to the sharp reduction in the number of resources and the scattered fish populations, fishing floods cannot be formed. Cod, small yellow croaker, large yellow croaker, mackerel, and plaice in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea have not been formed into fishing floods. Red sea bream and hairtail have basically disappeared in the Bohai Sea; In addition to hairtails, large yellow croaker, small yellow croaker, plaice and other fish are no longer formed into fishing seasons, and large yellow croaker and small yellow croaker are on the verge of extinction.

(2) The input of marine fishery industry is high and low efficiency. The huge industrial scale is not positively related to industrial efficiency. my country’s per capita fishery products and offshore fishing per square kilometer are far lower than those of countries such as Norway and Japan; my country’s ocean catches only account for 0.5% of the world’s total.

(3) Low utilization of marine biological resources. Due to the backward installation and preservation technology of refrigerated transport ships, about 10% of the catch is discarded due to deterioration; most of the by-catch is discarded at sea, and there is no use of the material; the processing technology of marine aquatic products is backward, and Processing waste has not fully tapped its value; excessive consumption patterns have led to a large amount of waste of fishery resources.